Improvement in breech-loading fire-arms



M. MOSES. V BREECH LOADING FIREAEM Patented Sept. 30, 1 862.

'UNITED "STATES' PATENT OFFICE;

MYRON MOSES, QFMALONE, NEW YORK.

Specification formng part of Letters PatentNo. 36,571 dated September30, 1862.

To aZZ whom itmay concern' Be 'it known that I, MYRON MoS'Es, of'Maloneiu the county of Franklin andState of New York, have inventedcertain Improvement's in Breech-Loadin'g Fire-Arns, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact descrip tion, reference being hadtothe accoripanying drawi'ngs, making part of this specification, inwhich- Figure 1' is an elevation of a pis'tol Fig. 2, a longitudinalsection through the same. Figs. 3 and4, details to be referred to.

My present invention relates to that classof breech-loading fire-arms inwhich a renovable metallic cartridge case or chanber is inserted in therear end of the barrel; and it consists,

first, ,in forming the front end of the cartridge- -case andthe portionof the barrel against which the case rests of such a shape that the gasfrom the exploding powder will not pass betweenthe barrel and thecylindrical portion of the cartridge -'case and .foul it; secondly, in

combining with a removable metallic cartri d gei case, into-the rear endof which is inserted a cap tube or nipple, a cup which covers thecaptube and prevents the gas from the exploded cap from fouling the lock.or other working parts, "while the'gas is permitted to escape through achannel made for the purpose.

That others skilled in the art may understand and use my invention, I-will proceed to describe the mann'er in which I have carried it out.

`In the said drawings, A- is thestock; B, the barrel, which is pivotedat a to-the stock, so that the barrel maybe vibrated into the positionshown in Fig. 1, to remove the cartridgecase for loading. Atongue, b,attached to the under side of the barrel, plays in a corresponding slotor groove in the stock, and, being made of considerable length, preventsany lateral movement of thebarrel as it is vibrated. A stop, c, on thebarre] catches under the head of a trigger, C, when the barrel is downin the position shown in Fig. 2, or ready for firing, and holds itinplace. By pulling on the trigger C, against the resistance of the springd, the barrel is released and may be vibrated.

A metal breech or cartridge-chamber, D, (shown detached in Fig. 3,) isintroduced into the rear end of the barrel. Thischamber,

whichI prefer to make'ofbrass, is turned down" at its front end at z',as shown in Fig. 2, and a corresponding recess or shoulder is fomed inthe barrel, thus making` three shoulders or -faces, over which the gasfrom the exploded powder must pass before it cau coneinto con-` contactwith 'the 'cylindrical surface o of the chamber D. This I find of greatadvantage. as it prevents the case froni becoming oul, which wouldinterfere with its removal. and would also prevent .its surface fromcoming into intimate contact with the barrel when it is expanded bythedischarge. As this friction of the chamber against the barrel preventsthe chamber fron being driven back by the discharge hard against therecoil-plate E, it is very necessarythat the surface o should be kept asclean as possible. The rear end, p, of

the chanber D is made sufficiently heavy to receive the nipple r, whichis screwed into it, and leave a body of metal, 3, between the base ofthe nipple and the bore of the charnber. This p'eventst he strain of theexploded powder from coming directly onto the base of the nipple, andpermits a shorter screw on the nipple to be used without danger of itsbeing blown out. The fire from the exploded cap passes through a smallhole in the metal base 3.

Acup, G, of steel is fitted in the recoil-plate E. It h`asa pin, u, onits real' end, which projects through the recoil-plate and is struck bythe han'ner H. When the triggerI is pulled out to fire the piece,-ascrew, 4, unters a slot in the upper side of this pin u and secures it,while a small amount of motion is allowed to the cup toward and from thebarrel B.. An` opening, x, in the top ot' the recoil-plate Eand acorresponding one, 5, in the upper side'of the cup G pernit the nippleto pass when the barrel is brought down into the position shown in Fig,2, and also allow the gas from the exploded cap to escape withoutitshaving access to the lock. When the barrel is brought down, as inFig. 2, after being loaded and capped, the cap on the nipple r bearsagainst the cup G and crowds it in, so that the end of the pin aprojects slightly from 'the back of the recoilplate E, ready for thehammer -H to strike it and explode the cap.

i The removable chamber D must not be confounded with a metalliccart-ridge which is used in some breech-loading pistols, but is a partof the pistol itself, which is removed to load' it and is again returnedinto its place.

The following is the operation: The barrel' being in the position shownin Fig 1,the cartridge-chember D is removed, is loaded and capped andreturned to the barrel, which is vibrated into the position shown inFig. 2. The pistol muy now be ooeked and fired, the hammer H, as beforestated, striking the pin u of the cup Gana clriving it against the capon the nipple a'.

' What 'I claim nyinvention, and' desireto* .secure by Letters Putent,is-

1. In eombina tion with the removable cherge holding chambe' oreylinderD, the neck' and -shoulder nezr it on the outside 'and front endofsa-id chamber o' cylinder and the reoess in the bore for receivingboth the neckand the shoulder, for the purpose specified.

2. The novable cup Gr, with its opening 5, in conbinztion with :nopening. x, for the passage of the nippler us the burrel is vibi'eted,and fogthe escape of gas from the exploded cep, m'mnged and Operatingsubstentially as described. v

MYRON MOSES.

F. P. ALLEN, F. T. HEATI-I.

